Difference Between Screw Pump and Impeller Pump

Difference Between Screw Pump and Impeller Pump

Difference Between Screw Pump and Impeller Pump

Feature Screw Pump Impeller Pump
Working Principle Uses one or multiple rotating screws to move fluid in a linear motion. Uses rotating impellers to create centrifugal force that moves fluid.
Flow Type Positive displacement – provides a consistent and steady flow. Centrifugal – creates a variable flow based on pressure and speed.
Pressure Handling Can handle high-pressure applications. Typically operates at lower pressures.
Viscosity Handling Suitable for high-viscosity fluids like oils, sludge, and pastes. Works best with low-viscosity fluids like water and thin liquids.
Efficiency High efficiency at handling thick fluids. More efficient for high-flow, low-viscosity applications.
Self-Priming Yes, it can self-prime and handle air pockets. Some types are self-priming, but generally require priming before operation.
Maintenance Requires maintenance due to wear on screws but has a long lifespan. Requires less maintenance but impellers can wear out faster.
Common Applications Oil transfer, fuel injection, wastewater treatment, food processing. Water circulation, HVAC systems, irrigation, marine applications.

Conclusion

  • If you need high pressure, steady flow, and the ability to pump viscous fluids, go for a screw pump.
  • If you need high-speed flow for low-viscosity liquids, an impeller pump (centrifugal pump) is the better choice.
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